What is Additive Manufacturing?

Additive manufacturing (AM) also known as 3D printing, describes a disruptive production process. As its name implies, additive manufacturing adds material to create an object. 

"Why" is 3D Printing becoming increasingly popular? This market is set for explosive growth over the next decade with an annual growth rate of 23.0%. (Future of 3D Printing to 2027, Smithers MSE Limited).

With the use of a 3-Dimensional Computer Aided Design (CAD) software that assists in the creation & optimization of a structure. The Physical component is created in which material is applied, layer by layer instead of being subtracted from a bar stock. (e.g., Milled or Turned). 

The production process differs fundamentally from the conservative machining fabrication methods. Which results in the saving of material/weight and thereby avoids unnecessary waste of material. The limited selection of material currently available in 3D printing still covers the most common material classes. Metals, plastics and composites can be used to enable improved strength and durability.   

Historically, AM is often referred to as “rapid prototyping,” which involves the use of printed components for geometrical/design, function, and demonstration prototypes. In particular, product innovations develop thereby in less time, and also significantly accelerate its market launch and product development.

Meanwhile, additive manufacturing is increasingly found in mass production for small to medium-sized quantities. It also enables large OEMs to distinguish themselves on the market. The focus here is on the implementation of sustainability goals, cost reduction and customer benefit.   

With the fundamental understanding of 3D printing, it is clear to see the many advantages and opportunities based on functional optimization. Integration in the required application situation, freedom of shape, customization in the high-volume production and adequate single piece costs of small order quantities.  

It is also possible to fabricate unique objects or replacement pieces where the original or complex parts are no longer produced.


3D Printing - Selective Laser Sintering

                                                              Source: igus® Selective Laser Sintering - Components cleared

Video : 3D printing with powder - SLS technology

Overall, the process diversity of additive technologies is growing steadily, with the following additive manufacturing technologies having high economic and technical added value at present:

  • Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
  • Stereolithography (SLA)
  • Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
  • Multi Jet Modeling (MJM)
  • Selective Laser Melting (SLM)

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